1.Aghdam, M.S. and Mohammadkhani, N. 2014. Enhancement of chilling stress tolerance of tomato fruit by post-harvest brassinolide treatment. Food Biol. Technol., 7: 909–914.

2.Ahammed, G.J., Li, X., Liu, A. and Chen, S. 2020. Brassinosteroids in Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. J. Plant Growth Regul., 39: 1451–1464.

3.Alcázar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Koncz, C. and Tiburcio, A.F. 2010. Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta., 23: 1237-1249.

4.Alferez, F., Vincent, C. and Vashisth, T. 2019. Update on Brassinosteroids for HLB Management. Citrus Industry News. https://citrusindustry.net/2019/06/19/update-onbrassinosteroids- for-hlb-management

5.Ali, B., Hasan, S.A., Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Yadav, S., Fariduddin, Q. and Ahmad, A. 2008. A role for brassinosteroids in the amelioration of aluminium stress through antioxidant system in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Environ. Exp. Bot., 62: 153–159.

6.Anjum, N.A., Sofo, A., Scopa, A., Roychoudhury, A., Gill, S.S., Iqbal, M., Lukatkin, A.S., Pereira, E., Duarte, A.C. and Ahmad, I. 2014. Lipids and proteins – major targets of oxidative modifications in abiotic stressed plants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3917-1.

7.Anjum, N.A., Umar, S. and Ahmad, A. 2012. Oxidative Stress in Plants: Causes, Consequences and Tolerance. New Delhi: IK International Publishing House.

8.Anjum, N.A., Umar, S. and Chan, M.T. 2010. Ascorbate- Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants. Dordrecht: Springer.

9.Azpeitia, A., Chan, J.L., Saenz, L. and Oropeza, C. 2003. Effect of 22(S), 23(S) homobrassinolide on somatic embryogenesis in plumule explants of Cocos nucifera (L.) cultured in vitro. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 78: 591–596.

10.Bai, M.Y., Shang, J.X., Oh, E., Fan, M., Bai, Y., Zentella, R., Sun, T.P. and Wang, Z.Y. 2012. Brassinosteroid, gibberellin and hytochrome impinge on a common transcription module in Arabidopsis. Nat. Cell Biol., 14: 810–817.

11.Bajguz, A. 2011. Brassinosteroids – Occurance and Chemical Structure in Plants. In: Brassinosteroids: Aclass of Plant Hormones. Eds. Hayat S and Ahmad A. Springer Science+ Business Media, pp. 1-27.

12.Bajguz, A. and Hayat, S. 2009. Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 47: 1–8.

13.Bangerth, K.F. 2009. Floral induction in mature, perennial angiosperm fruit trees: similarities and discrepancies with annual-biennial plants and the involvement of plant hormones. Scientia Horticulturae, 122: 153-163.

14.Bao, F., Shen, J., Brady, S.R., Muday, G.K., Asami, T. and Yang, Z. 2004. Brassinosteroids interact with auxin to promote lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 134: 1624–1631.

15.Bechtold, U. and Field, B. 2018. Molecular mechanisms controlling plant growth during abiotic stress. J. Exp. Bot., 69: 2753-2758.

16.Behnamnia, M., Kalantari, K. and Rezanejad, F. 2009. Exogenous application of brassinosteroid alleviates drought-induced oxidative stress in Lycopersicon esculentum L. Gen. Appl. Plant Physiol., 35: 22-34

17.Bergstrand, K.J.I. 2017. Methods for growth regulation of greenhouse produced ornamental pot-and bedding plants–a current review. Folia Horticulturae, 29(1): 63-74.

18.Bhat, Z.A., Reddy, Y.N., Srihari, D., Bhat, J.A., Rashid, R. and Rather, J.A. 2011. New generation growth regulators—brassinosteroids and CPPU improve bunch and berry characteristics in ‘Tas-A-Ganesh’ grape. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 11: 309–315.

19.Ç?g, S. 2007. The effects of epibrassinolide on senescence in wheat leaves. Biotechnology and Biotechnology Equipment, 21: 63-65.

20.Canales, E., Coll, Y., Hernández, I., Portieles, R., García, M.R., López, Y., Aranguren, M., Alonso, E., Delgado, R., Lui, M. and Batista, L. 2016. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing, is reduced by treatment with brassinosteroids. PLoS ONE, 11:e0146223.

21.Cano-Delgado, A., Yin, Y., Yu, C., Vafeados, D., Mora-Garcia, S., Cheng, J.C., Nam, K.H., Li, J. and Chory, J. 2004. BRL1 and BRL3 are novel brassinosteroid receptors that function in vascular differentiation. In: Arabidopsis, 131: 5341–5351.

22.Caño-Delgado, A., Yin, Y., Yu, C., Vafeados, D., Mora-García, S., Cheng, J.C., Nam, K.H., Li, J. and Chory, J. 2004. BRL1 and BRL3 are novel brassinosteroid receptors that function in vascular differentiation in Arabidopsis”. Development, 131 (21): 5341–51.

23.Chai, Y.M., Zhang, Q., Tian, L., Li, C.L., Xing, Y., Qin, L. and Shen, Y.Y. 2013. Brassinosteroid is involved in strawberry fruit ripening. Plant Growth Regul., 69: 63–69.

24.Chaiwanon, J. and Wang, Z.Y. 2015. Spatiotemporal brassinosteroid signaling and antagonism with auxin pattern stem cell dynamics in Arabidopsis roots. Curr. Biol., 25: 1031–1042.

25.Champa, W.H., Gill, M.I.S., Mahajan, B.V.C., Arora, N.K. and Bedi, S. 2015. Brassinosteroids improve quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Flame Seedless. Trop. Agric. Res., 26: 368–379.

26.Choudhury, S., Islam, N., Sarkar, M.D. and Ali, M.A. 2013. Growth and yield of summer tomato as influenced by plant growth regulators. Int. J. Sustain. Agric., 5: 25-28.

27.Clouse, S.D. 1997. Molecular genetic analysis of brassinosteroid action. Physiol. Plant, 100: 702-709.

28.Clouse, S.D. 2008. The molecular intersection of brassinosteroid regulated growth and flowering in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105: 7345–7346.

29.Clouse, S.D. 2011. Brassinosteroids. In: The Arabidopsis Book 9: e0151. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3268510.

30.Clouse, S.D. and Feldmann, K.A. 1999. Molecular genetics of brassinosteroid action, In: A Sakurai, T Yokota, SD Clouse, eds, Brassinosteroids: Steroidal Plant Hormones, Springer, Tokyo, pp. 163-190.

31.Clouse, S.D., Langford, M. and McMorris, T.C. 1996. A brassinosteroid in-sensitive mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple defects in growth and development. Plant Physiol., 111: 671–678.

32.Clouse, S.D., Langford, M. and McMorris, T.C. 1996. A brassinosteroid-insensitive mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple defects in growth and development. Plant Physiol., 111: 671–678.

33.Clouse, S.D. and Sasse, J.M. 1998. Brassinosteroids: Essential Regulators of Plant Growth and Development. Annual Rev. Plant Physio. Plant Mol. Biol., 49: 427–451.

34.Cortes, P.A., Terrazas, T., León, T.C. and Larqué-Saavedra, A. 2003. Brassinosteroids effects on the precocity and yield of cactus pear. Sci. Hortic., 97: 65–73.

35.Cosgrove, D.J. 1997. Relaxation in a high-stress environment: The molecular basis of extensible cell walls and enlargement. Plant Cell, 9: 1031-1041.

36.Dejonghe, W., Mishev, K. and Russinova, E. 2014. The brassinosteroid chemical toolbox. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 22: 48–55.

37.Dhaubhadel, S., Browning, K.S., Gallie, D.R. and Krishna, P. 2002. Brassinosteroid functions to protect the translational machinery and heat?shock protein synthesis following thermal stress. The Plant J., 29(6): 681-691.

38.Dhaubhadel, S., Chaudhary, S., Dobinson, K.F. and Krishna, P. 1999. Treatment with 24?epibrassinolide, a brassinosteroid, increases the basic thermotolerance of Brassica napus and tomato seedlings. Plant Mol. Biol., 29: 333– 342.

39.Ding, W.M. and Zhao, Y.J. 1995. Effect of epiBR on activity of peroxidase and soluble protein content of cucumber cotyledon. Acta Phytophysiol. Sin., 21: 259–264.

40.Domagalska, M.A., Schomburg, F.M., Amasino, R.M., Vierstra, R.D., Nagy, F. and Davis, S.J. 2007. Attenuation of brassinosteroid signaling enhances FLC expression and delays flowering. Dev., 134: 2841–2850.

41.El-Mashad, A. and Mohamed, H. 2012. Brassinolide alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant activity of cowpea plants (Vigna sinensis). Protoplasma, 249: 625–635.

42.Eremina, M., Unterholzner, S.J. and Rathnayake, A.I. 2016. Brassinosteroids participate in the control of basal and acquired freezing tolerance of plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113: E5982–E5991.

43.Fàbregas, N., Lozano-Elena, F., Blasco-Escámez, D., Tohge, T., Martínez-Andújar, C., Albacete, A., Osorio, S., Bustamante, M., Riechmann, J.L., Nomura, T., Yokota, T., Conesa, A., Alfocea, F.P., Fernie, A.R. and Cano-Delgado, A.I. 2018. Overexpression of the vascular brassinosteroid receptor BRL3 confers drought resistance without penalizing plant growth. Nat. Commun., 9: 4680.

44.Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Saud, S., Khan, F., Hassan, S., Nasim, W., Arif, M., Wang, F. and Huang, J. 2016. Exogenously applied plant growth regulators affect heat stressed rice pollens. J. Agro. Crop Sci., 202: 139-150.

45.Fariduddin, Q., Yusuf, M., Ahmad, I. and Ahmad, A. 2014. Brassinosteroids and their role in response of plants to abiotic stresses. Biol. Plant, 58: 9–17.

46.Feng, W., Lindner, H., Robbins, N.E. and Dinneny, J.R. 2016. Growing out of stress: the role of cell- and organ-scale growth control in plant water-stress responses. Plant Cell, 28: 1769-1782.

47.Fujioka, S. and Sakurai, A. 1997. Biosynthesis and metabolism of brassinosteroids”. Physiologia Plantarum., 100(3): 710–15.

48.Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 48: 909–930.

49.Gomes, M.D.M.A., Campostrini, E., Leal, N.R., Viana, A.P., Ferraz, T.M., doNascimento Siqueira, L., Rosa, R.C.C., Netto, A.T., Nunez-Vázquez, M. and Zullo, M.A.T. 2006. Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Sci. Hortic., 110: 235–240.

50.Gomes, M.D.M.D.A., Torres Netto, A., Campostrini, E., Bressan-Smith, R., Zullo, M.A.T., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, L.D.N., Leal, N.R. and NúñezVázquez, M. 2013. Brassinosteroid analogue affects the senescence in two papaya genotypes submitted to drought stress. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol., 25: 186–195.

51.Gomes, M.M.A. 2011. Physiological effects related to brassinosteroid application in plants. In: Hayat S and Ahmad A (eds). Brassinosteroids: a Class of Plant Hormone, 1st Ed. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 193-242.

52.Gomes, M.M.A., Ferraz, T.M., Netto, A.T., Rosa, R.C.C., Campostrini, E., Leal, N.R., Zullo, M.A.T. and Nunez-Vazquez, M. 2003. Efeitos da aplicação de brassinosteróidesnastrocasgasosas e fluorescência da clorofilaemmaracujazeiroamarelo submetido à deficiênciahí drica. Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 15: 348–352.

53.Gomes, M.M.A., Netto, A.T., Campostrini, E., Bressan-Smith, R., Zullo, M.A.T., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, L.N., Leal, N.R. and Núñez-Vázquez, M. 2013. Brassinosteroid analogue affects senescence in two papaya genotypes submitted to drought. Theor. Expt. Physiol., 25(3): 186-195

54.González-García, M.P., Vilarrasa-Blasi, J., Zhiponova, M., Divo, F., MoraGarcía, S., Russinova, E. and Caño-Delgado, A.I. 2011. Brassinosteroids control meristem size by promoting cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis roots. Dev., 138: 849–859.

55.Grove, M.D., Spencer, G.F., Rohwedder, W.K., Mandava, N., Worley, J.F., Warthen, J.D., Steffens, G.L., Flippen- Anderson, J.L. and Cook, J.C. 1979. Brassinolide, a plant growth-promoting steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen. Nature, 281: 216–217.

56.Guan, M. and Roddick, J.G. 1988. Epibrassinolide-inhibition of development of excised, adventitious and intact roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum): Comparison with the effects of steroidal estrogens. Physiol. Plant, 74: 720-726.

57.Guo, H., Li, L., Aluru, M., Aluru, S. and Yin, Y. 2013. Mechanisms and networks for brassinosteroid regulated gene expression. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 16: 545–553.

58.Gupta, G., Parihar, S.S., Ahirwar, N.K., Snehi, S.K. and Singh, V. 2015. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Development of Sustainable Agriculture. J. Microb. Biochem. Technol., 7: 096- 102.

59.Hacham, Y., Holland, N., Butterfield, C., Ubeda-Tomas, S., Bennett, M.J., Chory, J. and Savaldi-Goldstein, S. 2011. Brassinosteroid perception in the epidermis controls root meristem size. Dev., 138: 839–848.

60.Han, J., Tian, S.P., Meng, X.H. and Ding, Z.S. 2006. Response of physiologic metabolism and cell structures in mango fruit to exogenous methyl salicylate under low temperature stress. Physiol. Plant, 128: 125–133.

61.Hewitt, F.R., Hough, T., O’Neill, P., Sasse, J.M., Williams, E.G. and Rowan, K.S. 1985. Effect of brassinolide and other growth regulators on the germination and growth of pollen tubes of Prunus avium using a multiple hanging drop assay”. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 12(2): 201–11.

62.Ikekawa, N. and Akutsu, T. 1987. Culturing method for spinach using brassinosteroid as growth promoters. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 63,239,201 [88,239,201] [C.A. 111, 52465].

63.Isci, B. and Gokbayrak, Z. 2015. Influence of brassinosteroids on fruit yield and quality of table grape ‘Alphonse Lavallee’. Vitis, 54: 17–19.

64.Javid, M.G., Sorooshzadeh, A., Moradi, F., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M. and Allahdadi, I. 2011. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Aust. J. Crop Sci., 5: 726–734.

65.Kagale, S., Divi, U.K., Krochko, J.E., Keller, W.A. and Krishna, P. 2007. Brassinosteroid confers tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus to a range of abiotic stresses. Planta, 225: 353–364.

66.Kamuro, Y. and Takatsuto, S. 1999. Practical application of brassinosteroids in agricultural fields. In: Sakurai A, Yokota T, Clouse SD, editors. Brassinosteroids: steroidal plant hormones. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, pp. 223–241.

67.Kaplan, U. and Gokbayrak, Z. 2012. Effect of 22(S), 23(S)- homobrassinolide on adventitious root formation in grape rootstocks. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 33: 53–56.

68.Kazakova, V.N., Karsunkina, N.P. and Sukhova, L.S. 1991. Effect of brassinolide and fusicoccin on potato productivity and tuber resistance to fungal diseases under storage. Izvestiia Timiryazevskoi se?skokhoziaistvennoi Akademii, 0: 82-88 [apud Biological, 94(8): 85021].

69.Khripach, V., Zhabinskii, V., De, and Groot, A.D. 2000. Twenty years of brassinosteroids: steroidal plant hormones warrant better crops for the XXI century. Ann. Bot., 29: 441– 447.

70.Kim, B.H., Kim, S.Y. and Nam, K.H. 2012. Genes encoding plant-specific class III peroxidases are responsible for increased cold tolerance of the brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 mutant. Mol. Cells, 34: 539-548.

71.Kim, S.K., Chang, S.C., Lee, E.J., Chung, W.S., Kim, Y.S., Hwang, S. and Lee, J.S. 2000. Involvement of brassinosteroids in the gravitropic response of primary root of maize. Plant Physiol., 123: 997–1004.

72.Kim, T.W. and Wang, Z.Y. 2010. Brassinosteroid signal transduction from receptor kinases to transcription factors. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 61: 681–704.

73.Kim, T.W., Guan, S., Burlingame, A.L. and Wang, Z.Y. 2011. The CDG1 kinase mediates brassinosteroid signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase and GSK3-like kinase BIN2. Mol. Cell, 43: 561–571.

74.Kim, T.W., Guan, S., Sun, Y., Deng, Z., Tang, W., Shang, J.X., Burlingame, A.L. and Wang, Z.Y. 2009. Brassinosteroid signal transduction from cell-surface receptor kinases to nuclear transcription factors. Nat. Cell Biol., 11: 1254–1260.

75.Kitani, Y. 1994. Induction of parthenogenetic haploid plants with brassinolide. Jpn. J. Genet., 69: 35–39.

76.Krishna, P. 2003. Brassinosteroid-mediated stress responses. J. Plant Growth Regul., 22: 289–297.

77.Kumari, S. and Thakur, A. 2018. Effects of Brassinosteroids on Growth and Biochemical Responses of Apple Plants to Water Stress. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci., 6(6): 613-620.

78.Lee, H.S., Kim, Y., Pham, G., Kim, J.W., Song, J.H., Lee, Y., Hwang, Y.S., Roux, S.J. and Kim, S.H. 2015. Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1)-dependent brassinosteroid signaling pathway leads to ectopic activation of quiescent cell division and suppresses columella stem cell differentiation. J. Exp. Bot., 66: 4835–4849.

79.Legue, V., Rigal, A. and Bhalerao, R.P. 2014. Adventitious root formation in tree species: involvement of transcription factors. Physiol. Plant, 151: 192–198.

80.Leubner-Metzger, G. 2003. Brassinosteroids Promote Seed Germination. In: Hayat S., Ahmad A. (eds) Brassinosteroids. Springer, Dordrecht.

81.Li, J. and Chory, J. 1997. A putative leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase involved in brassinosteroid signal transduction. Cell, 90: 929–938.

82.Li, J., Li, Y., Chen, S. and An, L. 2010. Involvement of brassinosteroid signals in the floral-induction network of Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot., 61: 4221–4230.

83.Li, J., Nagpal, P., Vitart, V., McMorris, T.C. and Chory, J. 1996. A role for brassinosteroids in light-dependent development of Arabidopsis. Science, 272: 398–401.

84.Li, L., Ye, H., Guo, H. and Yin, Y. 2010. Arabidopsis IWS1 interacts with transcription factor BES1 and is involved in plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid regulated gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107: 3918–3923.

85.Li, T., Yun, Z., Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Shi, X., Duan, X. and Jiang, Y. 2018. Proteomic profiling of 24-epibrassinolideinduced chilling tolerance in harvested banana fruit. J. Proteomics, 187: 1-12.

86.Li, J., Nagpal, P., Vitart, V., McMorris, T.C. and Chory, J. 1996. A role for brassinosteroids in light-dependent development of Arabidopsis. Science, 272: 398–401.

87.Li, B., Zhang, C., Cao, B., Qin, G., Wang, W. and Tian, S. 2012. Brassinolide enhances cold stress tolerance of fruit by regulating plasma membrane proteins and lipids. Amino Acids, 43: 2469–2480.

88.Lima, J.V. and Lobato, A.K.S. 2017. Brassinosteroids improve photosystem II efficiency, gas exchange, antioxidant enzymes and growth of cowpea plants exposed to water deficit. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 23: 59-72.

89.Liu, J., Gao, H., Wang, X., Zheng, Q., Wang, C., Wang, X. and Wang, Q. 2014. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on plant growth, osmotic regulation and ion homeostasis of saltstressed canola. Plant Biol., 16: 440–450.

90.Liu, Q., Xi, Z., Gao, J., Meng, Y., Lin, S. and Zhang, Z. 2016. Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide to control grey mould and maintain postharvest quality of table grapes. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 51: 1236–1243.

91.Luan, L.Y., Zhang, Z.W., Xi, Z.M., Huo, S.S. and Ma, L.N. 2016. Brassinosteroids regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the ripening of grape berries. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 34: 196–203.

92.Malabadi, R.B., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. and Mulgund, G.S. 2009. In-vitro shoot regeneration by culture of Liparis elliptica (Rees.) Lindl. Shoot tip derived transverse thin cell layers induced by 24-epi brassinolide. Int. J. Plant Dev. Biol., 3(1): 47-51.

93.Mandava, B. and Wang, Y. 2016. Effect of brassinosteroids on cherry maturation firmness and fruit quality. Acta. Hortic., 1139: 451–458.

94.Megbo, B.C. 2010. Brassinosteroids and Gibberellic Acid act synergistically to influence plant growth and development. Int. J.Sci. and Engg. Res., 1: 68-72.

95.Mitchell, J.W., Mandava, N., Worley, J.F., Plimmer, J.R. and Smith, M.V. 1970. Brassins—a new family of plant hormones from rape pollen. Nature, 225: 1065–1066.

96.Moiseev, A. 1998. Preparation Epin: water of life. Eureka, 68: 22–25.

97.Mussig, C. 2005. Brassinosteroid-promoted growth. Plant Biol., 7: 110–117.

98.Nakajima, N. and Toyama, S. 1995. Study on brassinosteroidenhanced sugar accumulation in cucumber epicotyls. Jpn. J. Crop Sci., 64: 616–621.

99.Mora-Garcia, S., Vert, G., Yin, Y., Cano-Delgado, A., Cheong, H. and Chory, J. 2004. Nuclear protein phosphatases with Kelch-repeat domains modulate the response to brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev., 18: 448–460.

100.Mostafa, L.Y. and Kotb, H.R.M. 2018. Effect of Brassinosteroids and Gibberellic acid on parthenocarpic fruit formation and fruit quality of Sugar Apple Annona squamosa. Midd. East J. Agri. Res., 7(4): 1341-1351.

101.Mussig, C., Shin, G.H. and Altmann, T. 2003. Brassinosteroids promote root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 133: 1261–1271.

102.Nakajima, N., Shida, A. and Toyama, S. 1996. Effects of brassinos- teroid on cell division and colony formation of Chinese cabbage mesophyll protoplasts. Jap. J. Crop Sci., 65: 114- 118.

103.Nakashita, H., Yasuda, M., Nitta, T., Asami, T., Fujioka, S., Arai, Y., Sekimata, K., Takatsuto, S., Yamaguchi, I. and Yoshida, S. 2003. Brassinosteroid functions in a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice. Plant J., 33: 887–898.

104.Nemhauser, J.L., Mockler, T.C. and Chory, J. 2004. Interdependency of brassinosteroid and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol., 2(9): E258.

105.Nolan, T., Chen, J. and Yin, Y. 2017. Cross-talk of brassinosteroid signaling in controlling growth and stress responses. Biochem. J., 474: 2641–2661.

106.Oh, M.H. and Clouse, S.D. 1998. Brassinolide affects the rate of cell division in isolated leaf protoplasts of Petunia hybrida. Plant Cell Rep., 17: 171-178.

107.Ohnishi, T. 2018. Recent advances in brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway: insight into novel brassinosteroid shortcut pathway. J. Pestic. Sci., 43(3): 159–167.

108.Pacifici, E., Polverari, L. and Sabatini, S. 2015. Plant hormone cross-talk: the pivot of root growth. J. Exp. Bot., 66: 1113–1121.

109.Padashetti, B.S., Angadi, S.G. and Pattepur, S. 2010. Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulators on growth, quality and yield of seedless grape genotypes. Asian J. Agric. Hortic. Res., 5(1): 218-221.

110.Papadopoulou, E. and Grumet, R. 2005. Brassinosteroidinduced femaleness in cucumber and relationship to ethylene production. Hortic. Sci., 40: 1763–1767.

111.Peng, J., Tang, X.D. and Feng, H.Y. 2004. Effects of brassinolide on the physiological properties of litchi pericarp (Litchi chinensis cv. Nuomoci). Sci. Hortic., 101: 4 07–416.

112.Pereira-Netto, A.B., Cruz-Silva, C.T.A., Schaefer, S., Ramírez, J.A. and Galagovsky, L.R. 2006. Brassinosteroidstimulated branch elongation in the Marubakaido apple rootstock. Trees, 20: 286–291.

113.Pereira-Netto, A.B., Schaefer, S., Galagovsky, L.R. and Ramirez, J.A. 2003. Brassinosteroid-Driven Modulation of Stem Elongation and Apical Dominance: Applications in Micropropagation. In: Hayat S., Ahmad A. (eds) Brassinosteroids. Springer, Dordrecht. https://DOI. org/10.1007/978-94-017-0948-4_6

114.Pipattanawong, N., Fujishige, N., Yamane, K. and Ogata, R. 1996. Effects of brassinosteroid on vegetative and reproductive growth in two day-neutral strawberries. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 65: 651–654.

115.Pozo, L., Rivera, T., Noriega, C., Iglesias, M., Coll, F., Robaina, C., Velázquez, B., Rodríguez, O.L. and Rodríguez, M.E. 1994. Algunos resultadosen el cultivo de losfrutalesmediante la utilización de brasinoesteeroides o compuestosanálogos. Cult. Trop., 15: 79–92.

116.Que, F., Wang, G.L., Xu, Z.S., Wang, F. and Xiong, A.S. 2017. Transcriptional regulation of brassinosteroid accumulation during carrot development and the potential role of brassinosteroids in petiole elongation. Front Plant Sci., 8: 1356.

117.Rademacher, W. 2015. Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. J. Plant Growth Regul., 34: 845-872.

118.Rajan, R., Gaikwad, S.S., Gotur, M., Joshi, C.J. and Chavda, J.K. 2017. Effect of Post Shooting Bunch Spray of Chemicals on Bunch Characters and Yield of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine. Int. J. Cur. Microb. Appl. Sci., 6(8): 2471-2475.

119.Roddick, J.G., Rijnenberg, A.L. and Ikekawa, N. 1993. Developmental effects of 24-epibrassinolide in excised roots of tomato grown in vitro. Physiol. Plant, 87: 453–458.

120.Roghabadi, M.A. and Pakkish, Z. 2014. Role of brassinosteroid on yield, fruit quality and post-harvest storage of ‘TakDanehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Agric. Commun., 2: 49–56.

121.Roth, U., Friebe, A. and Schnabl, H. 2000. Resistance Induction in Plants by a Brassinosteroid-Containing Extract of Lychnis viscaria L. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55(7-8) DOI: 10.1515/znc-2000-7-813

122.Saini, S., Sharma, I. and Patil, P.K. 2015. Versatile roles of brassinosteroid in plants in the context of its homoeostasis, signaling and cross talks. Front Plant Sci., 6: 1–17.

123.Sairam, R.K. 1994. Effects of homobrassinolide application on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture stress conditions of two wheat varieties. Plant Growth Regul., 14: 173-181.

124.Santner, A., Irina, L., Calderon-Villalobos, A. and Estelle, M. 2009. Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nature Chem. Biol., 5: 301-307.

125.Sasaki, H. 2002. Brassinolide promotes adventitious shoot regeneration from cauliflower hypocotyl segments. Plant Cell Tiss. Org., 71: 111–116.

126.Sathiyamoorthy, P. and Nakamura, S. 1990. In vitro root induction by 24-epibrassinolide on hypocotyl segments of soybean (Glycine max L.) Merr. Plant Growth Regul., 9: 73-76.

127.Schlagnhaufer, C., Arteca, R.N. and Yopp, J.H. 1984. A brassinosteroid-cytokinin interaction on ethylene production by etiolated mung bean segments. Physiol. Plant, 60: 347–350.

128.Sharma, P. and Bhardwaj, R. 2007. Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide on growth and metal uptake in Brassica juncea L. under copper metal stress”. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 29(3): 259–263.

129.Sharma, P., Bhardwaj, R., Arora, H.K., Arora, N. and Kumar, A. 2008. Effects of 28-homobrassinolide on nickel uptake, protein content and antioxidative defence system in Brassica juncea. Biol. Plant, 52(4): 767–770.

130.Singh, S., Singh, I.S. and Singh, D.N. 1993. Physicochemical changes during development of seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Orissa J. Hort., 21: 43-46.

131.Sirhindi, S. 2013. Brassinosteroids: Biosynthesis and Role in Growth, Development and Thermotolerance Responses. In: Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants. Eds. Rout GR and Das AB. Springer India, pp. 309-329.

132.Sondhi, N., Bhardwaj, R., Kaur, S., Singh, B. and Kumar, N. 2008. Isolation of 24-epibrassinolide from leaves of “Aegle marmelos” and evaluation of its antigenotoxicity potential employing Allium cepa chromosomal aberration assay. Plant Growth Regul., 54(3): 217–224.

133.Song, Y.L., Dong, Y.J., Tian, X.Y., Kong, J., Bai, X.Y., Xu, L.L. and He, Z.L. 2016. Role of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide in response of peanut seedlings to iron deficiency. Biol. Plant, 60: 1–14.

134.Steber, C.M. and McCourt, P. 2001. A role for brassinosteroids in germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 125: 763-769.

135.Sticher, L., Mauch-Mani, B. and Metraux, J.P. 1997. Systemic acquired resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 35: 235–370.

136.Sugiyama, K. and Kuraishi, S. 1989. Stimulation of fruit set of’ ‘Morita’ Navel orange with brassinolide. Acta Hortic., 239: 345–348.

137.Sutton, M.K., Vincet, C., Alferez, F.M. and Vashith, T. 2020. Brassinosteroid to Improve Growth and Productivity of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange. August 10-13, Virtual Conference, ASHS 2020.

138.Suzuki, A., Murakami, Y. and Maotani, T. 1988. Physiological studies on physiological fruit drop of persimmon, Diospyros kaki Thunb, 4: effect of fruit growth on physiological fruit drop of persimmon. Bull. Fruit Tree Res. Stn. A. (Jpn.), 15: 41–50.

139.Swamy, K.N. and Rao, S.S.R. 2006. Influence of brassinosteroids on rooting and growth of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) stem cuttings. Asian J. Plant Sci., 5: 619–622.

140.Symons, G.M., Davies, C., Shavrukov, Y., Dry, I.B., Reid, J.B. and Thomas, M.R. 2006. Grapes on steroids. Brassinosteroid are involved in grape berry ripening. Plant Physiol., 140(1): 150-158.

141.Symons, G.M., Davies, C., Shavrukov, Y., Dry, I.B., Reid, J.B. and Thomas, M.R. 2006. Grapes on steroids: brassinosteroids are involved in grape berry ripening. Plant Physiol., 140: 150–158.

142.Szekeres, M., Németh, K., Koncz-Kálmán, Z., Mathur, J., Kauschmann, A., Altmann, T., Rédei, G.P., Nagy, F., Schell, J. and Koncz, C. 1996. Brassinosteroids rescue the deficiency of CYP90, a cytochrome P450, controlling cell elongation and de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Cell, 85: 171–182.

143.Takematsu, T. and Izumi, K. 1985. Acceleration of plant growth in cultured soil. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 62 04,205 [87 04,205] [C.A. 107, 72876]

144.Talaat, N.B. 2013. 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates salt-induced inhibition of productivity by increasing nutrients and compatible solutes accumulation and enhancing antioxidant system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta. Physiol. Plant, 35: 729–740.

145.Tang, W., Kim, T.W., Oses-Prieto, J.A., Sun, Y., Deng, Z., Zhu, S., Wang, R., Burlingame, A.L. and Wang, Z.Y. 2008. BSKs mediate signal transduction from the receptor kinase BRI1 in Arabidopsis. Science, 321: 557–560.

146.Tunc-Ozdemir, M. and Jones, A.M. 2017. BRL3 and AtRGS1 cooperate to fine tune growth inhibition and ROS activation. PLoS One, 12: e0177400.

147.Upreti, K.K. and Murti, G.S.R. 2004. Effects of brassmosteroids on growth, nodulation, phytohormone content and nitrogenase activity in French bean under water stress. Biol. Plant, 48: 407–411.

148.Vandenbussche, F., Suslov, D., De Grauwe, L., Leroux, O., Vissenberg, K. and Van Der Straeten, D. 2011. The Role of Brassinosteroids in Shoot Gravitropism. Plant Physiol., 156: 1331-1336.

149.Vardhini, B.V., Sujatha, E. and Anuradha, S. 2002. Brassinosteroids—a new class of phytohormones. Curr. Sci., 82: 1239–1245.

150.Verma, A., Malik, C.P. and Gupta, V.K. 2011. In Vitro Effects of Brassinosteroids on the Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Groundnut. ISRN Agronomy. 2012: 1-8.

151.Vidyavadhini, B. and Rao, S.R. 1996. Effect of brassinosteroids on germination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.) seeds. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 1(3): 223-224.

152.Wang, B. and Zeng, G. 1993. Effect of epibrassinolide on the resistance of rice seedlings to chilling injury. Zhiwu Shengli Xuebao, 19: 53–60.

153.Wang, C.F., You, Y., Chen, F.L.X., Wang, J. and Wang, J.S. 2004. Adjusting effect of brassinolide and GA4 on the orange growth. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxiensis Universitatis., 5 – 22.

154.Wang, C.F., You, Y., Chen, F.X.S., Wang, J. and Wang, J.S. 2004. Adjusting effect of brassinolide and GA (4) on the orange growth. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis, 26: 759–762.

155.Wang, H., Yang, C., Zhang, C., Wang, N., Lu, D., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Wang, Z.X., Ma, H. and Wang, X. 2011. Dual role of BKI1 and 14-3-3s in brassinosteroid signaling to link receptor with transcription factors. Dev. Cell, 21: 825–834.

156.Watanabe, T., Noguchi, T., Kuriyama, H., Kadota, M., Takatsuto, S. and Kamuro, Y. 1997. Effects of brassinosteroid compound [TS303] on fruitsetting, fruit-growth taking roots and cold-resistance. Acta Hortic., 436: 267–270.

157.Wei, Z. and Li, J. 2016. Brassinosteroids regulate root growth, development and symbiosis. Mol. Plant, 9: 86–100.

158.Xi, Z., Zhang, Z., Huo, S., Luan, L., Gao, X., Ma, L. and Fang, Y. 2013. Regulating the secondary metabolism in grape berry using exogenous 24-epibrassinolide for enhanced phenolics content and antioxidant capacity. Food Chem., 141: 3056–3065.

159.Xia, X.J., Wang, Y.J., Zhou, Y.H., Tao, Y., Mao, W.H., Shi, K., Asami, T., Chen, Z. and Yu, J.Q. 2009. Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Plant Physiol., 150: 801–814.

160.Xia, X.J., Zhang, Y., Wu, J.X., Wang, J.T., Zhou, Y.H., Shi, K., Yu, Y.L. and Yu, J.Q. 2009a. Brassinosteroids promote metabolism of pesticides in cucumber. J. Agri. Food Chem., 57(18): 8406–8413.

161.Xu, F., Gao, X., Xi, Z. and Zhang, H. et al. 2015. Application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide enhances proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berry skin. Plant Growth Regul., 75: 741–750.

162.Ye, H., Liu, S., Tang, B., Chen, J., Xie, Z., Nolan, T.M., Jiang, H., Guo, H., Lin, H.Y., Li, L., Wang, Y., Tong, H., Zhang, M., Chu, C., Li, Z., Aluru, M., Aluru, S., Schnable, P.S. and Yin, Y. 2017. RD26 mediates crosstalk between drought and brassinosteroid signaling pathways. Nat. Commun., 8: 14573.

163.Yin, Y., Wang, Z.Y., Mora-Garcia, S., Li, J., Yoshida, S., Asami, T. and Chory, J. 2002. BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation. Cell, 109: 181–191.

164.Yoshida, T., Mogami, J. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. 2014. ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling in response to osmotic stress in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 21: 133-139..

165.Yoshiok, T., Nesumi, H. and Ito, Y. 1990. Ibid., 59: 44–45.

166.Yoshizumi, T., Nagata, N., Shimada, H. and Matsui, M. 1999. An Arabidopsis cell cycle-dependent kinase-related gene, CDC2b, plays a role in regulating seedling growth in darkness. Plant Cell, 11: 1883-1895.

167.Yu, J., Fleming, S.L., Williams, B., Williams, E.V., Li, Z., Somma, P., Rieder, C.L. and Goldberg, M.L. 2004. Greatwall kinase: a nuclear protein required for proper chromosome condensation and mitotic progression in Drosophila. J. Cell Biol., 164(4): 487-492.

168.Yu, X., Li, L. and Li, L. 2008. Modulation of brassinosteroidregulated gene expression by Jumonji domain-containing proteins ELF6 and REF6 in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105: 7618–7623.

169.Yuang, G., Jia, C., Li, Z. and Sun, B. 2010. Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2): 103-108.

170.Zaharah, S.S., Singh, Z., Symons, G.M. and Reid, J.B. 2012. Role of brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid and indole-3- acetic acid in mango fruit ripening. J. Plant Growth Regul., 31:363–372

171.Zhao, Y-J., Xu, R-J. and Luo, W-H. 1990. Inhibitory effects of abscisic acid on epibrassinolide-induced senescence of detached cotyledons in cucumber seedlings. Chin. Sci. Bull., 35: 928–31.

172.Zhu, T., Peng, X.J., Xi, D.H., Guo, H., Yin, Y., Zhang, D.W. and Lin, H.H. 2016. Role of brassinosteroid signaling in modulating tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci. Rep., 6: 205–209.

173.Zhu, Y., Wang, B., Tang, K., Hsu, C.C., Xie, S., Du, H., Yang, Y., Tao, W.A. and Zhu, J.K. 2017. An Arabidopsis Nucleoporin NUP85 modulates plant responses to ABA and salt stress. PLoS Genet., 13: e1007124.

174.Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Qin, G. and Tian, S. 2010. Effects of brassinosteroids on postharvest disease and senescence of jujube fruit in storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 56: 50–55.

175.Zou, L.J., Deng, X.G., Zhang, L.E., Zhu, T., Tan, W.R., Muhammad, A., Zhu, L.J., Zhang, C., Zhang, D.W. and Lin, H.H. 2018. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in brassinosteroid-mediated virus resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant, 163: 196-210.

176.Zurek, D.M., Rayle, D.L., McMorris, T.C. and Clouse, S.D. 1994. Investigation of gene expression, growth kinetics and wall extensibility during brassinosteroid~regulated stem elongation. Plant Physio., 1104: 503-513.